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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">It was vGATE 9.0, and we analysed the root output (time difference). The result as such is not surprizing. As far as I
understood, the time is set according to the very last interaction resulting from the detection of the single photon in the detector. It includes obviously the effect of variable depth of interaction. We measured a value of 72 ps FWHM. When we added a time
resolution of X [ps] (/gate/digitizer/Singles/timeResolution/setTimeResolution X), the measured coincidence time resolution fitted nicely with SQRT(X^2 + X^2 + 72^2).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Now, if you wish to simulate ultra-fast timing resolution (< 100 ps), you need to modify how the time is set in GATE (for
example, consider the detection of the first photoelectron).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Claude COMTAT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">91401, Orsay, France<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.biomaps.universite-paris-saclay.fr/"><span style="color:#0563C1">biomaps.universite-paris-saclay.fr</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="248" height="104" style="width:2.5833in;height:1.0833in" id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://zutil.di.u-psud.fr/signature/images/ziSr6R8AZyaYiTlUezuyDu9-xIiC_g5sbJfVwVj_WKVmASRXsZCv_7UcbXc.png" alt="BIOMAPS"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Castor-users <castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org>
<b>De la part de</b> Maxime Toussaint<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> dimanche 25 avril 2021 00:03<br>
<b>À :</b> castor-users@lists.castor-project.org<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Castor-users] CASToR TOF reconstruction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Greetings,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">On which version of GATE and which type of data file (root, binary, ascci) did you observe this behavior? In the past, I
tested a range of TOF resolution with Gate v8.0 using binary output and I did not observe this behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Are you peharps referring to the effect of depth of interaction on coincidence timing resolution? F<span style="background:white">or
typical detectors, the effect on timing resolution </span>would indeed be less than 100 ps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Maxime Toussaint<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">De :</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Castor-users
<<a href="mailto:castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org</a>> de la part de COMTAT Claude <<a href="mailto:claude.comtat@cea.fr">claude.comtat@cea.fr</a>><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> 24 avril 2021 10:05<br>
<b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:castor-users@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users@lists.castor-project.org</a> <<a href="mailto:castor-users@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users@lists.castor-project.org</a>><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Castor-users] CASToR TOF reconstruction</span><span lang="EN-GB">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Hello,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">just a comment: for a GATE simulation, the effective coincidence resolution is not just SQRT(2*<i>X</i>^2). If you set
<i>X</i> to zero in GATE and draw the ToF histogram for a perfectly centred point source, you will see that the width of the distribution is not zero. There is an intrinsic coincidence time resolution
<i>E</i> in GATE, related to the way the time information is stored. So, the effective coincidence resolution is SQRT(2*<i>X</i>^2 +
<i>E</i>^2). Now, <i>E</i> is typically less than 100 ps. So, depending on X, it can be negligible.
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Best,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Claude</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Claude COMTAT</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris Saclay</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">91401, Orsay, France</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomaps.universite-paris-saclay.fr%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cmaxime.toussaint%40usherbrooke.ca%7C3d4c00a746ae4287bd8808d9072a0979%7C3a5a8744593545f99423b32c3a5de082%7C0%7C0%7C637548699406188273%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=zL17d21iQOYDLuGLX5ql%2BDI2eqbZmdZD44GZwtZzJNc%3D&reserved=0">biomaps.universite-paris-saclay.fr</a></span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="248" height="104" style="width:2.5833in;height:1.0833in" id="x__x005f_x0000_i1026" src="https://zutil.di.u-psud.fr/signature/images/ziSr6R8AZyaYiTlUezuyDu9-xIiC_g5sbJfVwVj_WKVmASRXsZCv_7UcbXc.png" alt="BIOMAPS"></span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Castor-users <<a href="mailto:castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org</a>>
<b>De la part de</b> Maxime Toussaint<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 23 avril 2021 20:05<br>
<b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:castor-users@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users@lists.castor-project.org</a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Castor-users] CASToR TOF reconstruction</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt"><span lang="EN-GB"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Greetings,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
The profiles remind me of a nice paper that studied the consequences of over/under estimation of the TOF kernel. Since you use GATE, is it possible that you have made a slight error in setting the TOF resolution? The command in GATE "/gate/digitizer/Singles/timeResolution/setTimeResolution
X" defines the <b>single</b> resolution as X. As such, the <b>coincidence</b> resolution is sqrt(2) * X.
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Note: My memory tells me that CASTOR extract the coincidence TOF resolution directly from the .mac, so this should not
happen. However, you "set it by hand", which makes it a possibility.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Bests,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Maxime Toussaint</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">De :</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"> Castor-users
<<a href="mailto:castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users-bounces@lists.castor-project.org</a>> de la part de Philip Kalaitzidis <<a href="mailto:kalaitzidis.philip@gmail.com">kalaitzidis.philip@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> 23 avril 2021 12:54<br>
<b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:castor-users@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users@lists.castor-project.org</a> <<a href="mailto:castor-users@lists.castor-project.org">castor-users@lists.castor-project.org</a>><br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Castor-users] CASToR TOF reconstruction</span><span lang="EN-GB">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="xmsonormal" style="margin-left:70.8pt"><span lang="EN-GB"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Dear CASToR developers and users,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:70.8pt;line-height:105%">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I have a question regarding an issue with CASToR TOF reconstruction.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="xxmsonormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:70.8pt;line-height:105%">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I will give a brief background of the issue: I have modelled the G.E. Discovery MI (DMI) PET/CT with GATE and simulated a PET acquisition with the NEMA IQ phantom.
I have converted the data to the CASToR list-mode format and so far, there are generally no problems. However, when including TOF in the data file I get an increased signal in the reconstructed image in places where I do not expect, e.g., in the lung insertion,
but also a quite reduced signal in the spheres. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The TOF information for each event that I write to the binary file I simply take the arrival time difference between crystal1 and crystal2, i.e., time1-time2 and then
multiply the difference by 1e+12 to get the delta time in ps. I then save the crystals in the binary file as Crystal ID1 (c1) corresponding to GATE crystal1 and Crystal ID2 (c2) corresponding to GATE crystal2 (since it is mentioned in the general documentation
that the TOF delta time is positive when the emission occurs closer to c2.) In the header file I set the TOF resolution to 380 ps and the TOF measurement range to 4900 ps. I decided to only write the true coincidences in the binary file (together with attenuation,
normalization, and the inclusion of a span of 2 for indirect slices for segment 0) so that I could efficiently look at the effect of TOF without having to bother with random- and scatter correction.
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">If I then reconstruct the data, I notice an increased signal in the insertion compartment, as well as a notable reduction in signal between some of the spheres (especially
visible between the largest spheres), as opposed to if I reconstruct the data using the
<i>-ignore-TOF </i>option (or without including TOF information in neither the binary- nor the header file.) If I reconstruct the same data but increase the TOF resolution to, e.g., 700 ps, the signal in the insertion compartment is reduced and the reduced
signal between spheres are no longer present. (I also tested using the GATERootToCastor converter with the TOF resolution to 380 ps yielding similar results.)</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I have attached images showing a slice of the three examples that I mentioned (TOF included with 380 ps TOF resolution, TOF included with 700 ps TOF resolution, and
with the <i>-ignore-TOF </i>option used.) I have also included profiles through the same slices passing through two of the spheres and the insertion compartment.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Intuitively, this seems to yield erroneous results (with 380 ps TOF resolution), but I cannot seem to understand why this effect occurs. I was hoping someone could
help me understand what the issue might be, if I have missed something, or whether I am on the wrong track and have misunderstood the
<i>“TOF-induced”</i> results.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I hope to hear from you.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:105%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Best regards,<br>
<i>Philip</i></span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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